Zitat 09/24/2023 13:25 NASA now confirms that the sample capsule did in fact release at 6:42 a.m. EDT (4:42 MDT) as intended. It will enter the atmosphere around 10:42 a.m. EDT (8:42 a.m. MDT) coming from the coast of California and streaking towards the Department of Defense's Utah Test and Training Range outside of Salt Lake City.
8 Minuten bis zur Landung. Erstes Bild vom Helikopter. 16:48 Hauptfallschirm entfaltet. 5000 Fuß Höhe. 16:53: Landung. (3 Minuten vor dem vorgesehenen Zeitplan.)
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Der Hauptfallschirm sollte sich in 5.000 Fuß/1500 m Höhe öffnen, hat sich aber schon bei 20.000 Fuß/6000 m entfaltet. 17:13. Erster Helikopter an der Landestelle gelandet. 17:22. Die ersten beiden Teilnehmer des Bergungsteams nehmen Messungen direkt in der Nähe der Landekapsel vor und bergen den Fallschirm.
Zitat 09/24/2023 17:28 Victoria Thiem, Lockheed Martin System Safety Engineer, has confirmed there is no hazardous gas around the capsule and removed her mask.
09/24/2023 17:33 The recovery team gathers on the road as they prepare to move in towards the sample return capsule. Teams on the ground say the capsule appears to have not been breached, which is good news in the hopes that the sample remains pristine.
18:40. Einrollen in den Clean Room. Morgen wird die Probenkapsel zum Johnson Space Center geflogen, um dort in einem eigens eingerichteten Clean Room mit Stickstoffatmosphäre aufbewahrt & geöffnet zu werden.
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Zitat The first U.S. asteroid sample, delivered by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft to Earth on Sept. 24, has arrived at its permanent home at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, where it will be cared for, stored, and distributed to scientists worldwide.
Ex Capsule Arrives in Houston The first U.S. asteroid sample, delivered by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft to Earth on Sept. 24, has arrived at its permanent home at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, where it will be cared for, stored, and distributed to scientists worldwide.
The sample arrived in Houston at 12:40 pm ET (11:40 am CT) aboard a U.S. Air Force C-17 aircraft, which landed at Ellington Field. From there, it was transferred to NASA Johnson.
The team will spend the next few weeks in the clean room at Johnson built exclusively for Bennu samples. The clean room includes custom glove boxes built to fit the sample canister containing the TAGSAM (Touch-and-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism) head inside. The TAGSAM head was on the end of a robotic arm that collected rocks and dust from asteroid Bennu’s surface on October 20, 2020.
Having practiced these procedures for months, scientists and technicians plan to proceed through the many steps of removing the sample from the TAGSAM. First, they plan to place the canister in the glove box and disassemble it. Then, they plan to remove the TAGSAM head, where scientists expect most sample to be, cataloging and storing every piece of hardware and asteroid dust found outside of it.
Zitat NASA scientists found dark powder and sand-sized particles on the avionics deck of the OSIRIS-REx science canister when the initial lid was removed today. The canister from the OSIRIS-REx sample return capsule was delivered to NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston on Sept. 25 after landing in the Utah desert on Sept. 24. Johnson houses the world’s largest collection of astromaterials, and curation experts there will perform the intricate disassembly of the Touch and Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism (TAGSAM) to get down to the bulk sample within. These operations are happening in a new laboratory designed specifically for the OSIRIS-REx mission. The aluminum lid was removed inside a glovebox designed to enable working with the large piece of hardware. ... With an array of team members on deck, scientists and engineers at Johnson will work together to complete the disassembly process and reveal the sample to the world in a special live broadcast event on Oct. 11 at 11 a.m. ET, streamed at NASA.gov/live.
Zitat Initial studies of the 4.5-billion-year-old asteroid Bennu sample collected in space and brought to Earth by NASA show evidence of high-carbon content and water, which together could indicate the building blocks of life on Earth may be found in the rock. NASA made the news Wednesday from its Johnson Space Center in Houston where leadership and scientists showed off the asteroid material for the first time since it landed in September.
This finding was part of a preliminary assessment of NASA’s OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security – Regolith Explorer) science team.
“The OSIRIS-REx sample is the biggest carbon-rich asteroid sample ever delivered to Earth and will help scientists investigate the origins of life on our own planet for generations to come,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. “Almost everything we do at NASA seeks to answer questions about who we are and where we come from. NASA missions like OSIRIS-REx will improve our understanding of asteroids that could threaten Earth while giving us a glimpse into what lies beyond. The sample has made it back to Earth, but there is still so much science to come – science like we’ve never seen before.”
Within the first two weeks, scientists performed “quick-look” analyses of that initial material, collecting images from a scanning electron microscope, infrared measurements, X-ray diffraction, and chemical element analysis. X-ray computed tomography was also used to produce a 3D computer model of one of the particles, highlighting its diverse interior. This early glimpse provided the evidence of abundant carbon and water in the sample.
“As we peer into the ancient secrets preserved within the dust and rocks of asteroid Bennu, we are unlocking a time capsule that offers us profound insights into the origins of our solar system,” said Dante Lauretta, OSIRIS-REx principal investigator, University of Arizona, Tucson. “The bounty of carbon-rich material and the abundant presence of water-bearing clay minerals are just the tip of the cosmic iceberg. These discoveries, made possible through years of dedicated collaboration and cutting-edge science, propel us on a journey to understand not only our celestial neighborhood but also the potential for life’s beginnings. With each revelation from Bennu, we draw closer to unraveling the mysteries of our cosmic heritage.”
For the next two years, the mission’s science team will continue characterizing the samples and conduct the analysis needed to meet the mission’s science goals. NASA will preserve at least 70% of the sample at Johnson for further research by scientists worldwide, including future generations of scientists. As part of OSIRIS-REx’s science program, a cohort of more than 200 scientists around the world will explore the regolith’s properties, including researchers from many U.S. institutions, NASA partners JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), CSA (Canadian Space Agency), and other scientists from around the world. Additional samples will also be loaned later this fall to the Smithsonian Institution, Space Center Houston, and the University of Arizona for public display.
Zitat “Far exceeding our goal of 60 grams, this is the biggest carbon-rich asteroid sample ever returned to Earth,” Nelson said
There was so much “bonus” material when the scientists opened the canister that the team has yet to open the bulk sample.
The analysis also revealed sulfide minerals, “a critical element for planetary evolution and biology,” iron oxide minerals called magnetite that react to magnetic fields, and other minerals that could be important for organic evolution, Lauretta said.
The science team was excited to detect organic matter and a wealth of carbon, which is an essential element for all life, said Dr. Daniel Glavin, OSIRIS-REx sample analyst and senior scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
Zitat Haben Sie schon eine Ahnung, wie viel Sie da bekommen, wie schwer wird die Probe ungefähr sein?
Wir wissen ziemlich genau, was in der ersten Runde kommt. Das werden 100 Milligramm sein. Und das ist auch wirklich nur als erster Schnellschuss gedacht. Die sogenannte “Quick Look Sample”, ist einfach dafür da, dass wir unsere Messungen erstmal schnell durchführen können, in einem wirklich sehr kurzen Zeitfenster. Die Nasa erwartet unsere ersten Daten schon Ende November. ... Es gibt sehr, sehr hochauflösende Aufnahmen der Oberfläche von „Bennu“ und man kann tatsächlich auch genau sehen, wo die Proben genommen wurden. Da sieht man so einen kleinen Eindruck auf der Oberfläche. Und es ist nicht nur so eine kleine Delle, die man da sieht, sondern man sieht jedes Körnchen, jeden Krümel, der an der Stelle liegt. Man kann sich also super vorstellen, woher diese Proben stammen. Wenn man das vor Augen hat und weiß, jetzt kommt das Paket hierher und ich habe genau diese Körner von diesem Himmelsobjekt – das ist schon sensationell, wenn man diesen Zusammenhang herstellen kann.
Was werden Sie mit den Gesteinsproben als Erstes machen, wenn sie angekommen sind? Welche Analyseverfahren setzen Sie ein?
Wir sind spezialisiert auf zwei verschiedene Techniken, für die man von der Nasa zertifiziert werden muss. Wir haben ganz frisch in Frankfurt das Schwiete Cosmo Lab dafür eingerichtet, in dem wir mit Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie arbeiten. Und das erlaubt uns jetzt, mit atomarer Ortsauflösung die chemische Zusammensetzung und die Struktur des Materials zu bestimmen. Das ist das Erste, was wir direkt vor Ort machen werden.
Wir arbeiten dann noch an zwei sogenannten Synchrotronquellen, am DESY in Hamburg und am ESRF in Grenoble. Das sind zwei Elektronenbeschleuniger-Ringe, die eine hochenergetische Röntgenstrahlung erzeugen und mit der kann man Proben durchleuchten. Das haben wir in der Vergangenheit schon mit anderen Proben gemacht, denn da kann man etwas über die chemische Zusammensetzung lernen und die Struktur. Das ist wie eine Röntgenaufnahme, die wir von den Körnern aufnehmen, aber mit nicht nur einem Schwarz-Weiß-Bild, also niedrige und hohe Dichte, was man normalerweise von einem von dem Röntgenbild kennt, sondern wir können das in die unterschiedlichen chemischen Elemente aufschlüsseln. Wir können zum Beispiel ein Röntgenbild von der Kalzium-Verteilung aufnehmen oder ein Röntgenbild von Eisen. Das hilft uns, diese Probe zu verstehen.
Wir sind in verschiedene Teams eingeteilt und wir sind in der Arbeitsgruppe „Mineralogie und Petrologie“. Unsere Aufgabe ist es, die Mineralzusammensetzung zu bestimmen und in der Kombination mit den strukturellen Informationen die Geschichte dieses Asteroiden zu rekonstruieren. Wir können Temperaturentwicklungen nachvollziehen oder maximale Drucke, die das Material gesehen hat. Wir können sehen, welche Mineralumbildungen gibt es. In Kombination mit anderen Arbeitsgruppen können wir dann zum Beispiel auch sagen, wann das passiert ist. Damit kann man eine gesamte Rekonstruktion der Asteroidenentwicklung erstellen.
Was erwarten Sie von „Bennu“ im Vergleich zum Asteroiden „Ryugu“, dessen Material Sie auch schon analysiert haben? Wird das Material ganz anders sein oder dem von „Ryugu“ ähneln?
Tja, da müssen wir natürlich ein bisschen darauf warten, was wirklich dabei herauskommt. Klar, bezogen auf die Messungen, die auf dem Asteroiden selber durchgeführt wurden, kann man sagen, es ist ähnlich, aber es hat auch Komponenten, die völlig anders sind. Wir sehen manche Prozesse schon auf der Oberfläche des Asteroiden, die wir auf „Ryugu“ nicht in der Form gesehen haben. Zum Beispiel gibt es die Bildung von Karbonat-Adern auf „Bennu“, was wirklich erstaunlich ist, weil das heißt tatsächlich, man hatte wässrige Fluide, also wirklich Wässer, die durch dieses Gestein durchgesickert sind und dann diese Ablagerung gebildet haben. Die sind zum Teil sehr massiv und wir erhoffen uns natürlich, dass wir von diesen Prozessen auch etwas sehen können in unseren Proben. Das ist nämlich sicherlich ein Prozess, der nicht erst in jüngerer Zeit passiert ist, sondern er muss passiert sein, als das Objekt noch sehr viel größer und fester war, damit man überhaupt diese Flüssigkeiten lösen kann und die nicht sofort in eine Gasphase übergehen.
Was dürfen Sie mit dem Material eigentlich machen? Dürfen Sie es verändern oder bearbeiten? Oder muss es so bleiben, wie Sie es bekommen?
Das ist in der Tat sehr unterschiedlich. Bei den ersten Körnern, die wir bekommen, diesen 100 Milligramm, da dürfen wir selbst Hand anlegen, also auch polieren und so weiter. Das werden wir auch tun. Bei der zweiten Runde von Proben, wo es dann darum geht, dass man die spannendsten großen Körner herausnimmt aus dem Probenkanister, da wird es dann darum gehen, dass diese von vielen Instituten und vielen Laboren in der Welt gemessen werden. Alle arbeiten dann an der gleichen Probe und die wird von Labor zu Labor geschickt. Da werden die präparativen Maßnahmen alle in Houston durchgeführt, da dürfen wir gar nichts machen. Wir bekommen es, können dann die Proben, so wie wir sie bekommen, in unsere Instrumente stecken und schicken sie dann auch möglichst unbeschädigt wieder zurück.
Zitat von Ulrich Elkmann im Beitrag #11Zur ersten vorläufigen Analyse der Proben.
Man verliert ja beinahe den Überblick, bei all den Raumfahrt-Aktivitäten. Da fragt mich die Woche ein Kollege, ob ich näheres wüsste, was es damit auf sich hätte, dass die NASA offenbar nicht an die Proben von Osiris-Rex herankäme. Ich hatte absolut keine Ahnung und musste mich da erstmal selber über deren 'interessantes' Problem informieren. Sachen gibt's.
Gruß Morn <>< ______________________________________ Dieses ganze "nachhaltig" Lebenwollen ist purer und realitätsferner Kitsch, Dekadenzerscheinung einer übersättigten und risikolos lebenden städtischen Elite. R.A. 2018
Zitat NASA has more than twice the asteroid Bennu samples it could have hoped for from OSIRIS-REx probe By Josh Dinner - published about 17 hours ago
The once inaccessible sample container has been fully opened, and NASA has released the numbers.
We now know exactly how much material OSIRIS-REx captured from its target asteroid Bennu — and, it's a lot.
In addition to the 2.48 ounces (70.3 grams) of sample already collected from the outside of the canister, NASA has finally managed to fully open OSIRIS-REx's sample container to find another 1.81 ounces (51.2 grams) of asteroid Bennu within. In all, the probe collected more than twice what scientists had hoped for.
To talk specifics, the container was actually secured inside a larger enclosure, built for protection during the probe's arduous journey. As OSIRIS-REx collected its asteroid samples in space, a portion of the material wound up inside this protective enclosure but outside the designated sample container, gifting scientists some of the Bennu sample before the main canister was unlocked.
Far exceeding their expectations, mission operators managed to collect 2.48 ounces (70.3 grams) before ever opening the inaccessible part of the OSIRIS-REx return capsule. Still, scientists and space enthusiasts everywhere remained waiting to see what OSIRIS-REx's grand sample total would be. And now, the new tool having been derived, scientists have access to all of the probe's asteroid sample, and the results are in.
Combined with the samples already collected, OSIRIS-REx returned a total of 4.29 ounces (121.6 grams) of material from asteroid Bennu — that's more than double the mission's goal and the largest asteroid sample ever collected, according to a recent NASA release. For comparison, the Japanese Aerospace Agency's Hayabusa2 mission only brought back about 0.18 ounces (5 grams) of material from its asteroid target, Ryugu, in Dec. 2020.
NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft delivered 4.29 ounces (121.6 grams) of material from asteroid Bennu when it returned to Earth on Sep. 24, 2023; the largest asteroid sample ever collected in space and over twice the mission’s requirement.
Disassembly of the TAGSAM head was paused in late October 2023, when the team encountered two stubborn fasteners keeping them from being able to complete the process to reveal the final sample within.
NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft delivered 4.29 ounces (121.6 grams) of material from asteroid Bennu when it returned to Earth on Sep. 24, 2023; the largest asteroid sample ever collected in space and over twice the mission’s requirement.
The mission team needed at least 60 grams of material to meet the mission’s science goals, an amount that had already been exceeded before the Touch-and-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism (TAGSAM) head was completely opened. In October 2023, curation processors from the Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) division at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston were able to collect small rocks and dust from inside the large canister that housed the TAGSAM head, as well as from inside the TAGSAM head itself through the head’s mylar flap.
Disassembly of the TAGSAM head was paused in late October 2023, when the team encountered two stubborn fasteners keeping them from being able to complete the process to reveal the final sample within.
After designing, producing, and testing new tools, the ARES curation engineers successfully removed the fasteners in January and completed disassembly of the TAGSAM head. The remaining Bennu sample was revealed and carefully poured into wedge-shaped containers. 1.81 ounces (51.2 grams) were collected from this pour. Combined with the previously measured 2.48 ounces (70.3 grams) and additional particles collected outside of the pour, the bulk Bennu sample mass totals 4.29 ounces (121.6 grams). NASA will preserve at least 70% of the sample at Johnson for further research by scientists worldwide, including future generations.
Later this spring, the curation team will release a catalog of the OSIRIS-REx samples, which will make the asteroid sample available for request by the global scientific community.
Zitat Surprising asteroid sample reveals Bennu may have originated from an ocean world
By Ashley Strickland, CNN, Thu June 27, 2024
CNN — An early analysis of a sample collected from the asteroid Bennu suggests that the space rock had an unexpectedly water-rich past — and it may have even splintered off from an ancient ocean world.
The NASA OSIRIS-REx mission scooped up the 4.3-ounce (121.6-gram) pristine sample from the near-Earth asteroid in 2020 and returned it to Earth last September. Since then, scientists have been analyzing the asteroid’s rocks and dust to see what secrets they may contain about the asteroid’s composition and whether it could have delivered the elements for life to Earth. Asteroids also intrigue scientists because they are the leftover remnants from the formation of the solar system.
An initial review of some of the sample, shared in October, suggested that the asteroid contained a large amount of carbon. During a new analysis of the sample, the team discovered that Bennu’s dust is rich in carbon, nitrogen and organic compounds, all of which helped form the solar system. These ingredients are also essential to life as we understand it and could help scientists better understand how Earth-like planets evolve. A study detailing the findings appeared Wednesday in the journal Meteoritics & Planetary Science.
The biggest surprise was finding magnesium-sodium phosphate within the sample, which remote sensing didn’t initially detect when OSIRIS-REx, or the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security — Regolith Explorer mission, was orbiting Bennu. Magnesium-sodium phosphate is a compound that can be dissolved in water and serves as a component of biochemistry for life.
It’s possible that the asteroid may have broken away from a tiny, primitive ocean world that no longer exists in our solar system, the researchers said.
The asteroid’s sample largely consists of clay minerals, including serpentine, which makes the sample remarkably similar to rocks found at midocean ridges on Earth. These ridges are where material from the mantle, the layer beneath Earth’s surface crust, encounters water. A similar phosphate was found in a sample from the asteroid Ryugu collected by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Hayabusa2 mission and returned to Earth in December 2020. But the compound from the Bennu sample is purer and has larger grains. “The presence and state of phosphates, along with other elements and compounds on Bennu, suggest a watery past for the asteroid,” said co-lead study author Dante Lauretta, principal investigator for OSIRIS-REx and regents professor at the University of Arizona, Tucson, in a statement. “Bennu potentially could have once been part of a wetter world. Although, this hypothesis requires further investigation.”
Zitat Asteroid (101955) Bennu in the laboratory: Properties of the sample collected by OSIRIS-REx
Abstract
On September 24, 2023, NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission dropped a capsule to Earth containing ~120 g of pristine carbonaceous regolith from Bennu. We describe the delivery and initial allocation of this asteroid sample and introduce its bulk physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties from early analyses. The regolith is very dark overall, with higher-reflectance inclusions and particles interspersed. Particle sizes range from submicron dust to a stone ~3.5 cm long. Millimeter-scale and larger stones typically have hummocky or angular morphologies. Some stones appear mottled by brighter material that occurs as veins and crusts. Hummocky stones have the lowest densities and mottled stones have the highest. Remote sensing of Bennu's surface detected hydrated phyllosilicates, magnetite, organic compounds, carbonates, and scarce anhydrous silicates, all of which the sample confirms. We also find sulfides, presolar grains, and, less expectedly, Mg,Na-rich phosphates, as well as other trace phases. The sample's composition and mineralogy indicate substantial aqueous alteration and resemble those of Ryugu and the most chemically primitive, low-petrologic-type carbonaceous chondrites. Nevertheless, we find distinct hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopic compositions, and some of the material we analyzed is enriched in fluid-mobile elements. Our findings underscore the value of sample return—especially for low-density material that may not readily survive atmospheric entry—and lay the groundwork for more comprehensive analyses. ... Geologic Context of the Sample from Spacecraft Observations
Corroborating the prelaunch telescopic observations (Clark et al., 2011; Lauretta et al., 2015), spectral data obtained by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft showed that organic compounds and hydrated phyllosilicates are distributed ubiquitously on Bennu's surface (Hamilton et al., 2019; Simon, Kaplan, Hamilton, et al., 2020). Magnetite (Hamilton et al., 2019; Lauretta et al., 2019) and carbonates (Kaplan et al., 2020; Simon, Kaplan, Hamilton, et al., 2020; Simon, Kaplan, Cloutis, et al., 2020) were also detected, and anhydrous silicates appeared to be rare (Hamilton et al., 2021). These findings suggest that substantial aqueous alteration took place on a larger parent asteroid, estimated to have been 100–200 km in diameter (Lauretta et al., 2015; Lauretta, May, Bennett, et al., 2023). This aligns with the hypothesis that Bennu, based on its dynamical association with inner main-belt asteroid families, is a rubble pile formed from the catastrophic disruption of its parent asteroid (Walsh et al., 2013).
Bennu is among the darkest bodies in the solar system, with a median normal reflectance of 4.6% (Golish et al., 2021), consistent with its carbonaceous composition. Its surface is dominated by two major populations of boulders: “dark” boulders have normal reflectance values of 3.5%–4.9%, whereas “bright” boulders have normal reflectance values of 4.9%–7.4% (DellaGiustina et al., 2020). Dark boulders often show signs of lamination and layering (Ishimaru & Lauretta, 2023). Some bright boulders have linear, meter-scale, higher-reflectance features, interpreted as carbonate veins resulting from late-stage hydrothermal alteration processes (Kaplan et al., 2020). Thermal inertia calculations indicate that bright boulders are stronger and denser overall than their darker counterparts, especially if they contain veins, though more nuanced variations in thermal inertia are observed at the local scale (Rozitis et al., 2020, 2022). Rare boulders with much higher reflectance (up to 26%) show spectral affinities with howardite–eucrite–diogenite and ordinary chondrite meteorites, indicating exogenic origins from asteroid (4) Vesta and stony asteroids, respectively (DellaGiustina et al., 2021; Le Corre et al., 2021; Tatsumi et al., 2021).
The OSIRIS-REx sample collection site, nicknamed Nightingale, is situated in Hokioi Crater (Figure 1b), a 20-m-diameter impact feature in Bennu's northern hemisphere (center coordinates of approximately 56°N, 43°E). Like the global surface, Nightingale exhibits a spectral absorption band at 2.7 μm, indicative of hydrated phyllosilicates, and this is supported by a 23-μm feature in thermal emission spectra (Hamilton et al., 2021; Simon, Kaplan, Cloutis, et al., 2020). Additionally, the darkest material at this site shows a spectral absorption at 0.55 μm, suggesting the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4), which is further confirmed by features at 18 and 29 μm in thermal emission spectra (Hamilton et al., 2021; Simon, Kaplan, Cloutis, et al., 2020). Spectral evidence of carbon-bearing materials indicates carbonates with varying cation contents, including in veins in nearby boulders, and organic compounds with aromatic and aliphatic C–H bonds (Kaplan et al., 2020, 2021).
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