Damit es nicht untergeht: "Erstes Licht" für das Vera Rubin Observatory auf dem Cerro Pachón in Nordchile ist für Montag, den 23. Juni 2025 angekündigt.
Zitat Coming June 23, 2025: First Look at the cosmos with NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory
Get ready to join us virtually around the world on June 23, 2025 at 11:00 a.m. US EDT as we unveil the first spectacular images from NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory! This First Look event will be live streamed via Youtube in English and in Spanish — links will be made available here and via social media. Join us to celebrate the start of a new era in astronomy and astrophysics with the world's newest and most powerful survey telescope.
Over the next ten years, Rubin Observatory will create the ultimate movie of the night sky using the largest camera ever built — repeatedly scanning the sky to create an ultra-wide, ultra-high-definition time-lapse record of our Universe.
Zitat Das Rubin Observatory unterscheidet sich von anderen Teleskopen dieser Größe durch seinen sehr großen Bildwinkel mit einem Durchmesser von 3,5°. Im Vergleich dazu haben Mond und Sonne von der Erde aus betrachtet einen Durchmesser von ungefähr 0,5°.
Um den weiten Bildwinkel zu erreichen, besteht das Teleskop aus drei Spiegeln. Der Primärspiegel hat einen Durchmesser von 8,4 Meter und ist aus einem Stück gefertigt; in ihm ist auch der Tertiärspiegel mit einem Durchmesser von 5,0 m integriert, der von dem Primärspiegel ringförmig umgeben ist. Darüber befindet sich der Sekundärspiegel mit einem Durchmesser von 3,4 Meter.
Das mit der Kamera erfasste etwa kreisförmige Bildfeld ist ungefähr zehn Quadratgrad (Durchmesser 3,5 Grad) groß und hat damit eine Auflösung von 0,2 Bogensekunden.[12] Sie ist die größte je hergestellte Digitalkamera, mit einem Gewicht von über 3 Tonnen, 3 Meter Länge und 1,6 Meter Durchmesser. Es wird ein Datenaufkommen von bis zu 30 Terabyte pro Nacht und jährlich etwa 6000 TB erwartet. Nur mithilfe von automatischer Datenverarbeitung kann diese Datenmenge effektiv ausgewertet werden. Im März 2025 wurde die Kamera installiert.[13][14]
Es wird erwartet, dass das Rubin Observatory ca. 10 Milliarden Sterne und 10 Milliarden Galaxien detektiert. Eine Auswahl der Aufnahmen soll von Google als eine sich aktualisierende Sternkarte veröffentlicht werden.[15]
Nach einer Computersimulation soll das Teleskop innerhalb weniger Jahre Millionen von bislang unbekannten Objekten im Sonnensystem entdecken, darunter einen Großteil der für die Erde potentiell gefährlichen Asteroiden.[8]
Zitat Allowing for maintenance, bad weather and other contingencies, the camera is expected to take over 200,000 pictures (1.28 petabytes uncompressed) per year, far more than can be reviewed by humans. Managing and effectively analyzing the enormous output of the telescope is expected to be the most technically difficult part of the project.[47][48] In 2010, the initial computer requirements were estimated at 100 teraflops of computing power and 15 petabytes of storage, rising as the project collects data.[49] By 2018, estimates had risen to 250 teraflops and 100 petabytes of storage.[50]
Once images are taken, they are processed according to three different timescales, prompt (within 60 seconds), daily, and annually.[51]
The prompt products are alerts, issued within 60 seconds of observation, about objects that have changed brightness or position relative to archived images of that sky position. Transferring, processing, and differencing such large images within 60 seconds (previous methods took hours, on smaller images) is a significant software engineering problem by itself.[52] This stage of processing will be performed at a classified government facility so events that would reveal secret assets can be edited out.[53]
Approximately 10 million alerts will be generated per night.[54] Each alert will include the following:[55]: 22
Alert and database ID: IDs uniquely identifying this alert The photometric, astrometric, and shape characterization of the detected source 30×30 pixel (on average) cut-outs of the template and difference images (in FITS format) The time series (up to a year) of all previous detections of this source Various summary statistics ("features") computed of the time series
Annual release data products will be made available once a year, by re-processing the entire science data set to date. These include: A catalog of approximately 37 billion sky objects (20 billion galaxies and 17 billion stars), each with more than 200 attributes.[50]
There is no proprietary period associated with alerts—they are available to the public immediately, since the goal is to quickly transmit nearly everything LSST knows about any given event, enabling downstream classification and decision making. LSST will generate an unprecedented rate of alerts, hundreds per second when the telescope is operating.[note 2] Most observers will be interested in only a tiny fraction of these events, so the alerts will be fed to "event brokers" which forward subsets to interested parties. LSST will provide a simple broker,[55]: 48 and provide the full alert stream to external event brokers.[56] The Zwicky Transient Facility will serve as a prototype of LSST system, generating 1 million alerts per night.[57]
Daily products, released within 24 hours of observation, comprise the images from that night, and the source catalogs derived from difference images.
Fußnote: diese rapiden, minutengenauen Alerts sind für zwei Felder von Wichtigkeit: zum einen, um den Verlauf von Supernova-Ausbrüchen möglichst frühzeitig dokumentieren zu können, und um möglichst viele Beobachtungsdaten potentiell gefährlicher Asteroiden zu gewinnen, da die genaue Bahnbestimmung von der Zahl der Sichtungen abhängt.
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Zitat von Ulrich Elkmann im Beitrag #1approximately 37 billion sky objects (20 billion galaxies and 17 billion stars), each with more than 200 attributes.
37 Milliarden Objekte zu je 200 Daten = 7,4 Billionen Dateneinträge pro Jahr. Dem Kleinen Zyniker kommt an dieser Stelle Schillers Xenion "An die Astronomen" (aus dem "Musen-Almanach für 1797") in den Sinn (der, wie ich feststelle, vornweg ein Kalendarium mit Mondphasen enthält):
Prahlt doch nicht immer so mit euren Nebelgestirnen, Ist der Schöpfer nur groß, weil er zu zählen euch giebt? Euer Gegenstand ist der erhabenste freilich im Raume, Aber Freunde, im Raum wohnt das Erhabene nicht.
Und die Stimme aus dem Off bemerkt trocken: genau dafür delegieren wird das an die KI.
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
We’re just 3 days away from seeing the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s first images. Using the largest camera ever built, Rubin will repeatedly scan the sky for 10 years and create an ultra-wide, ultra-high-definition time-lapse record of our Universe. The observatory is located on the El Peñón peak of Cerro Pachón, a 2,682-meter-high (8,799 ft) mountain in Coquimbo Region, in northern Chile, alongside the existing Gemini South and Southern Astrophysical Research Telescopes Here are some key facts about this amazing new facility: 29 years from conception to completion (1996–2025) ~3,000 scientists among 8 science collaborations ready to work on Rubin data ~20 terabytes of cosmic data collected every night during Rubin’s 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) ~10 million alerts of changes in the sky per night ~38 billion detected in the full LSST Rubin will reveal its first images to the world on June 23, 2025, and begin the LSST later this year.
Zitat A powerful new observatory has unveiled its first images to the public, showing off what it can do as it gets ready to start its main mission: making a vivid time-lapse video of the night sky that will let astronomers study all the cosmic events that occur over ten years.
Zitat Among the observatory’s initial accomplishments was the discovery of 2,104 asteroids, including seven near-Earth asteroids, that have never been seen before in our solar system. None of the newly found near-Earth asteroids pose a risk to our planet, according to scientists at the observatory. Imagery of the asteroids is expected to be shared later Monday.
While ground- and space-based telescopes spot about 20,000 asteroids each year, Rubin Observatory is expected to uncover millions of the space rocks within its first two years, according to the National Science Foundation. The telescope is also considered the most effective way to spot any interstellar comets or asteroids that may travel through our solar system. ... A sneak peek shared Monday includes a video made from over 1,100 images captured by the observatory that begins with a detailed look at two galaxies. The video then zooms out to showcase about 10 million galaxies spotted by the camera’s wide view — roughly 0.05% of the 20 billion galaxies Rubin will observe over 10 years.
The observatory team also released a mosaic of the Trifid and Lagoon nebulae, which are star-forming regions that resemble clouds located in the Sagittarius constellation. The mosaic, made up of 678 separate images taken over just seven hours, captured faint and previously invisible details such as clouds of gas and dust in the nebulae, which are several thousand light-years away from Earth.
The initial images were selected to showcase the telescope’s enormous field of view, which enables detailed glimpses of interacting galaxies as well as broad views of millions of galaxies, said Dr. Yusra AlSayyad, deputy associate director of the data management subsystem for the Rubin Observatory.
“It has such a wide field of view and such a rapid cadence that you do have that movielike aspect to the night sky,” said Dr. Sandrine Thomas, telescope project scientist for the Rubin Observatory.
Zitat "This rich, vibrant image brimming with glowing gas and scattered stars shows the Trifid and Lagoon nebulae (M20 and M8, respectively). The Trifid Nebula, named for the three lobes separated by the dark dust lanes of Barnard 85 that intersect at its center, is located at the upper right. The much larger Lagoon Nebula, a well-known star-forming region, glows to its lower left, taking up the central portion of the image. Both nebulae are located some 5,000 light-years away in the constellation Sagittarius. The galactic plane, where most of the stars, dust, and gas in the Milky Way reside, runs through this region, resulting in cosmic views you fell you could fall into."
Edmond Hamilton, The Star of Life (1959), Kap. 12 und 13:
Zitat The Trifid lay before them.
It had been impressive enough in the astronomical photographs that Hammond had seen back in the twentieth century, when it was called the Trifid Nebula. But from this distance it was stunning.
Great star-clouds glittered all around them, the swarms of suns that in the Sagittarius region of the Milky Way made brilliant the summer nights of faraway Earth. But beyond all These loomed a vastness of light, glowing like a furnace in which stars were forged, stretching across whole parsecs of space. Groups of double and multiple stars shone from within that far-flung nebulosity, some of them fiercely bright and others dim and muffled. And the whole shining mass of the Trifid was riven by three great cracks that were themselves light-years in width and that formed clear roads into the incoceivable interior.
The light of the Trifid glowed upon their faces as they peered from the pilot-room, Tammas at the controls and Jon Wilson and Quobba and Iva crowded beside Hamond. Hammond wondered if they felt the same awe as he did. For now, with the Trifid looming gigantic before them and dwarfing the stars to dust, it seemed to him that they were impiously approaching the very throne of God. (122) … The vista in the pilot-room hit him like a blow. The Trifid walled all the heavens in front of them, a glowing glory of inconceivable dimensions. Stars and star-groups burned here and there in it, their reflected radiance lighing the tenuous dust. The great black rifts that had been visible even from Earth were now colossal chasms of darkness through this continent of light. The ship was heading toward the mouth of one of those mighty cracks.
Shau Tammas turned his yellow face from the pilot-Chair and grinned. "Pretty, isn't it? Only the damned Vramen would want to live in a place like this."
After a while the firmament on either side of them was walled with light as the ship crawled into the vast dark chasm. By this time Rab Quobba was back at the controls, and their course was close alongside one of the glowing walls.
They moved along the coasts of light like a mote beside a sun, past fiery-glowing capes that could have held the whole solar system, past great bays of darkness that ran far back into the nebula. Hammond's mind quailed. He was still a child of the twentieth century, of the little Earth, and this monster cloud was no place for man. The light of it beat upon the faces of Iva and Tammas and Abel, peering with him, and he saw awe in their eyes too. (125) … The computers back in the calc-room, whose relays could think faster than any human being, had taken over. They had been given an objective, the line deep in the cloud that was the way to Althar. They made their computations in a few seconds of whirring and clicking. they spoke, not in audible speech but in electric impulses that gave imperious orders to the autopilot mechanism. The generators deep in the ship, forewarned of the need for a greater power, droned loud. The autopilot took the ship and, at a speed that just stopped short of the threshold of human Endurance, flung it right at the glowing wall.
Hammond saw them coming, those precipices of light that went forever up into starry space. He braced himself for an impact that he knew would not come. He was right. There was no impact when they hit the nebula. There was only light all around them, not so fiery or bright now that they were in it but more a moony glow. They droned and raced through a softly-lit limbo that seemed not to change at all until finally the muffled fires of a triple sun shone vaguely ahead and to the right. and of a sudden the ship shivered and then quieted, and then shivered again and again. The great magnetic tides of the nebula abruptly took hold of the ship and carried it away for an instant like a chip on a millrace, and Hammond saw the whole vague vista of glowing nebula and flaring triple suns spinning around and around.
The generators droned louder and louder still. The autopilot stuttered furiously. The mindless brain of the computer had detected the change in course and was instantly giving its order. The ship broke free of the magnetic field that held it and shot away from the three suns, and then was gripped again. It seemed certain to Hammond that the crazy interaction of intersecting fields was going to end up by dragging them into one of those stars that loomed frighteningly big and bright through the glow, two of them warm yellow and a hot blue-white.
But the computer fought the nebula. Where man had not the quickness of thought to act, the thing that man had made acted for him, did battle for him. Hammond thought that he had been right and that there was no place here for man, that only a mechanical intelligence that had no nerves or feelings could fight the blind vast forces of the cloud.
The three suns dropped behind them. (126-27)
Die Erstfassung von Hamiltons später Space Opera ist im Januar 1947 unter dem gleichen Titel im Magazin "Startling Stories" erschienen; mit einem Umfang von gut 65 doppelspaltig gedruckten Seiten. Ein Jahrzehnt später hat Hamilton den Text auf Buchlänge erweitert; die gebundene Ausgabe ist im Februar 1959 bei Torquil erschienen; die Taschenbuchversion im April 1959 bei Dodd, Mead, mit einem Umfang von 192 bzw. 187 Seiten. Die gesamte Passage oben, nebst jeder Erwähnung des Trifid-Nebels, fehlt in der Magazinversion. Ich zitiere nach der letzten englischen Totholz-Ausgabe, die erschienen ist, als Taschenbuch bei Crest im Oktober 1959. 2008 hat Baen Books im Zuge seiner Katalog-Aufarbeitung eine E-Book-Version herausgebracht; aber das war es für den englischen Sprachbereich auch.
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Zur Frage, wieso Hamilton die vor M20 liegende Staubwolke Barnard 85 als Klüfte oder Schluchten auffaßt, die Zugang ins Innere des Nebels gewähren, zitiere ich einmal Burnham's Celestial Handbook, nach der Dover-Ausgabe von 1978:
Zitat Better known as the Trifid nebula, M 20 was probably first seen by LeGentil in 1747 and discovered by Messier in June 1764. Messier saw it as a cluster of faint stars." and found its presence "indicated only by a peculiar glow [which surrounded] the delicate triple star in the centre of its opening, the nebulous matter resisted light of my telescope..."
Sir William Herschel found the nebulosity conspicuously divided by a curious pattern of dark lanes, and catalogued the brightest portions as four separate objects.
John Herschel was probably the first to call it the "Trifid" nebula, and described it as "consisting of three bright and irregularly formed nebulous masses, graduating away insensibly externally, but coming up to a great intensity of light at their interior edges where they enclose and surround a sort of 3-forked rift or vacant area, abruptly and uncouthly crooked and quite void of nebulous light... A beautiful triple star is situated precisely on the edge of one of these nebulous masses just where the interior vacancy forks into two channels." This multiple star, GC 24537, which is also the illuminating star in the nebula, has six components which were discovered by S.W. Burnham using the 36" Lick refractor:
A - B 7 10.6 5.4" 23 A - C 7 8.8 10.6" 212 A - F 7 13.8 22.1" 106 C - D 8.8 10.5 2.2" 282 C - E 8.8 12.4 6.2" 191 ______________________________________________________________
The dark lanes are also known as Barnard 85.
Bei der Dreifach-Sonne handelt es sich um dieses Objekt:
Zitat The brightest star in the Trifid Nebula, designated HD 196692 (ADS 10991), is a triple star system composed of three extremely hot stars located on the west side of the open cluster. The three components have apparent magnitudes of 7.6, 10.7 and 8.7. The brightest of the three stars has a spectral type of O5 to O7. The system may contain additional, fainter components.
Zitat Modern observers will find the "trifid" structure fairly easy to detect in a good 8-inch or 10-inch telescope with moderate powers; the author of this book has always found it quite noticeable with a 10-inch and good sky conditions; in the U.S. Naval Observatory 40-inch reflector at Flagstaff, Arizona, it looks for all the world like a huge illuminated transparency. C.E.Barns described M20 as "a dark night revelation, even in moderate apertures … Bulbous image trisected with dark rifts of interposing opaque cosmic dust-clouds …" Each of the three dark lanes measures about 45" in width; the east and west lanes merge into the surrounding blackness of the sky on the edges of the nebula, but the path of the southern lane is blocked by one of those "bright rim" features which we find also in the outer environes of M8.
The claim that large-scale changes have occurred in the Trifid since Herschel's time appears to rest on some 150-year-old drawings which show the central star located precisely in the midddle of one of the dark channels, rather than inside the tip of one of the three luminous lobes as it appears today. No evidence of real change has been detected in the approximately 80 years since the Trifid was first photographed.
As with most of the diffuse nebulae, published distances for M20 Show considerable discrepancies, ranging from the Skalnate Pleso Atlas Coeli Catalogue value of 670 parsecs up to C.R.O'Dell's result of 2340 parsecs obtained from a study at Lick Observatory in 1963. A "compromise" figure of about 1600 parsecs is quoted in a number of modern lists, and Matches reasonably well the probable distance of the Lagoon Nebula M8.
Die ersten drei Bilder sind zwar vor acht Stunden an die Presse gegeben worden, aber die ofizielle Präsentation folgt um 17:00 MESZ. Livestream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dF1g-Ru8mjM
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Bitte beachten Sie diese Forumsregeln: Beiträge, die persönliche Angriffe gegen andere Poster, Unhöflichkeiten oder vulgäre Ausdrücke enthalten, sind nicht erlaubt; ebensowenig Beiträge mit rassistischem, fremdenfeindlichem oder obszönem Inhalt und Äußerungen gegen den demokratischen Rechtsstaat sowie Beiträge, die gegen gesetzliche Bestimmungen verstoßen. Hierzu gehört auch das Verbot von Vollzitaten, wie es durch die aktuelle Rechtsprechung festgelegt ist. Erlaubt ist lediglich das Zitieren weniger Sätze oder kurzer Absätze aus einem durch Copyright geschützten Dokument; und dies nur dann, wenn diese Zitate in einen argumentativen Kontext eingebunden sind. Bilder und Texte dürfen nur hochgeladen werden, wenn sie copyrightfrei sind oder das Copyright bei dem Mitglied liegt, das sie hochlädt. Bitte geben Sie das bei dem hochgeladenen Bild oder Text an. Links können zu einzelnen Artikeln, Abbildungen oder Beiträgen gesetzt werden, aber nicht zur Homepage von Foren, Zeitschriften usw. Bei einem Verstoß wird der betreffende Beitrag gelöscht oder redigiert. Bei einem massiven oder bei wiederholtem Verstoß endet die Mitgliedschaft. Eigene Beiträge dürfen nachträglich in Bezug auf Tippfehler oder stilistisch überarbeitet, aber nicht in ihrer Substanz verändert oder gelöscht werden. Nachträgliche Zusätze, die über derartige orthographische oder stilistische Korrekturen hinausgehen, müssen durch "Edit", "Nachtrag" o.ä. gekennzeichnet werden. Ferner gehört das Einverständnis mit der hier dargelegten Datenschutzerklärung zu den Forumsregeln.
Sie sind vermutlich noch nicht im Forum angemeldet - Klicken Sie hier um sich kostenlos anzumelden
Offline