Zitat China unveils lunar lander to put astronauts on the moon
Andrew Jones February 27, 2023
HELSINKI — China has revealed a concept for a lunar lander it hopes will put astronauts on the moon around the end of the decade.
A model of the Chinese lunar lander was unveiled at an exhibition to mark three decades of China’s human spaceflight program Feb. 24 at the National Museum of China in Beijing.
The model shows that China is working on a staged descent concept, which differs from the Apollo landings. A propulsion stage will be used for most of the descent, before the lander segment completes a powered descent and soft landing on the lunar surface.
The propulsion stage will be designed to make a separate, hard landing while needing to mitigate the potential dangers of debris. The lander will also act as the ascent vehicle to take the crew back into lunar orbit and dock with a waiting crew spacecraft.
Details on the model show thrusters, a stowed lunar rover, docking mechanisms, a crew hatch and a ladder for astronauts to descend to surface, antennae and other equipment.
The lander is part of a plan to take two astronauts to the lunar surface by around 2030, according to previously announced plans by Chinese space authorities. Meanwhile, work on other key elements continues.
China in 2021 formally announced a plan for an International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) to be constructed in the 2030s. It will initially be robotic then made suitable for long-term habitation by crew.
The ILRS project includes Russia as a key partner. However China did not mention Russia during a presentation of its lunar plans at a major international space conference last fall. Russia faces isolation from the international community over its invasion of Ukraine.
Zitat Yuqi Qian@YuqiiQian CMSE: China's crewed lunar missions are underway, and everything is in plan. Two Chinese astronauts will land on the Moon in 2029 #CNSA 1:58 PM · Feb 26, 2023
Zitat Livestream gestartet am 08.09.2022 Watch live as NASA's next outer solar system mission, Europa Clipper, is built and tested in the Spacecraft Assembly Facility at the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California.
Zitat Chris Bergin - NSF@NASASpaceflight Europa Clipper has been moved to the vertical position at NASA JPL! 9:09 PM · Feb 27, 2023
Zitat First ispace mission on track for April lunar landing - Jeff Foust February 28, 2023
Japanese lunar lander developer ispace said Feb. 27 that its first mission remains on track to attempt a landing in two months as it makes progress on its next two missions.
The company’s HAKUTO-R Mission 1 spacecraft launched on a Falcon 9 Dec. 11. The launch placed the spacecraft on a low-energy trajectory that took the spacecraft nearly 1.4 million kilometers from Earth by Jan. 20 before swinging back, and it is currently about 900,000 kilometers away.
In a media briefing, ispace executives said the Mission 1 lander is in good condition ahead of plans to enter orbit around the moon in the latter half of March and attempt a landing in Atlas Crater, located on the edge of Mare Frigoris in the northeastern quadrant of the near side of the moon, around the end of April.
“Our first flight to the moon is going very well,” said Ryo Ujiie, chief technology officer of ispace. That included completing the first 5 of 10 mission milestones, from launch to stable operations in deep space.
The Mission 1 lander is scheduled to perform a lunar orbital insertion maneuver in late March, followed by a landing by the end of April. Ujiie declined to give specific dates for either milestone.
While Mission 1 is ongoing, ispace is working on two future missions. The Mission 2 lander, scheduled for launch in 2024, will carry a set of customer payloads as well as a “micro rover” that ispace developed. That rover will collect a regolith sample that will be transferred to NASA under a 2020 contract awarded to ispace’s European subsidiary.
Zitat Derek Newsome @DerekdotSpace The European Service Module for Artemis II is pretty much completed! A few items will be installed over the coming months, most noticeably the 4 Solar Array Wings, however the spacecraft is quickly coming together ahead of its 2024 launch! 11:20 PM · Feb 28, 2023
Zitat Belgium2theMoon 🇧🇪🌛 @Belgium2theMoon Peregrine Mission 1 , carrying our #Belgium 2theMoon #timecapsule, is currently scheduled for NET May 2023. It will land on the #Moon in the Sinus Viscositatis ("Bay of Stickiness") adjacent to the Gruithuisen Domes on the northeast border of Oceanus Procellarum #space #science 8:32 PM · Mar 5, 2023
Zitat Belgium2theMoon 🇧🇪🌛 @Belgium2theMoon·Feb 24 0p 4 mei 2023 is de eerste lancering gepland van de Vulcan Centaur raket van United Launch Alliance ! De eerste vlucht van deze raket zal onze #tijdcapsule van #België🇧🇪 naar de #Maan🌛 brengen met de Peregrine maanlander. #Belgium2themoon #ruimtevaart #Belgium #space #science
Die 1. belgische Mondlandung fand bekanntlich am 2. April 1953 statt (Folge 52 on "On a marche sur la lune," Journal de Tintin; 9.4.52 - 30.12.53 in 93 Folgen) und die Belgier hießen Tintin, Haddock & Prof. Tournesol, und die Landung erfolgte im Krater Hipparchus, südöstlich des Sinus Medii.
Gut festhalten.
Zitat DHL MoonBox[1][2][3] is a mementos box that will be going to the Moon[4] in 2023 on Astrobotic Technology's[5] Peregrine lunar lander. The DHL MoonBox is made by DHL. It contains 28 capsules all of which have been filled. It contains items from the USA, UK, Canada, Nepal, Germany and Belgium. The 28 payloads on it are: ... Belgium Belgium2theMoon Timecapsule[13] Belgium2theMoon[14] Germany ToTheMoonWithDHL[15][16] DHL USA International Library on the Moon Writers on the Moon[20] USA Dogecoin to the moon Dogecoin
Nach leidigen Erfahrungen mit diesem Zustelldienst habe ich schon diverse Male erklärt, man sollte die auf den 🌝 schießen... Das war aber metaphorisch gemeint.
The official manifest of the Writers on the Moon Lunar Time Capsule is comprised of 125 authors. Each could choose one book to highlight on the manifest. But those 125 authors brought along many more writers, screenwriters, and artists… even stowaways! Through anthologies, art collections, even songs and screenplays, well over 1,000 artists from around the world are represented on the project.
Each of the official 125 Writers on the Moon could choose one book to spotlight on the manifest. But make sure you check out the Stories Behind the Stories for a peek at the works, images, backstory, and stowaways each author chose to bring along in their payload slot.
Zitat Die Moon Box ist jetzt kein DHL Paket im eigentlichen Sinne, wie sie es kennen. Das sind eher kleine wabenförmige Schächtelchen. Die gibt‘s natürlich auch in verschiedenen Größen. Die größte Moon Box hat ein Maß von ungefähr zweieinhalb Zentimetern Breite und fünf Zentimetern Höhe. Also ist das ein Böxchen, wenn man so will. Aber es ist eine Moon Box, weil es auch die Form einer Box hat. Arjan Sissing, Markenchef bei DHL
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Zitat About three months have passed since NASA's Orion spacecraft splashed down into the Pacific Ocean after a flight beyond the Moon and back. At the time, the space agency said the Artemis I mission had successfully met its goals and paved the way for humans to follow suit.
This week, after carefully reviewing data from that Artemis I mission since splashdown, space agency officials reiterated that although there were a few minor issues with the flight, overall it bolstered confidence. As a result NASA's chief of human exploration for deep space, Jim Free, said the agency is targeting "late November" of 2024 for the Artemis II mission.
During this flight, four astronauts — likely including a Canadian — will spend a little more than a week in deep space. After checking out the performance of Orion in low-Earth orbit, the spacecraft will fly into what is known as a "free return trajectory" around the Moon, which will bring them as close as 7,500 km to the surface of the Moon before swinging back.
Zitat Jeff Foust@jeff_foust The White House's FY24 budget request proposes $27.2B for NASA. (p. 125 of PDF)
Highlights: • $500M increase for Artemis; • $949M for Mars Sample Return; • $2.5B for Earth science; • $180M to start work on a deorbiting tug for the ISS • $1.39B for space tech; • $39M for orbital debris studies.
Note that we won't get much else in the form of details on NASA's budget today, with the full release planned for Monday. 6:02 PM · Mar 9, 2023
Zitat NASA and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) will announce during an event at 11 a.m. EDT (10 a.m. CDT) on Monday, April 3, from NASA Johnson Space Center’s Ellington Field in Houston, the four astronauts who will venture around the Moon. Traveling aboard NASA’s Orion spacecraft during Artemis II, the mission is the first crewed flight test on the agency’s path to establishing a long-term scientific and human presence on the lunar surface.
Artemis II is the first crewed mission aboard NASA’s foundational human deep space capabilities: the Space Launch System rocket, Orion spacecraft, and the ground systems needed to launch them. The approximately 10-day mission will test and stress the Orion spacecraft’s life-support systems to prove the capabilities and techniques required to live and work in deep space in ways only humans can do.
The crew will include three NASA astronauts and one CSA astronaut, demonstrating the agency’s commitment to international partnerships through the Artemis program. Artemis II builds on the successful Artemis I flight test, which launched an uncrewed Orion, atop the SLS rocket, on a 1.4 million-mile journey beyond the Moon to test systems before astronauts fly aboard the systems on a mission to the Moon.
Gegenwärtiger Zeitplan für Artemis II bis VII. Flug 2 ist zurzeit für November 2024 geplant; die Mondlandung für Dezember 2025, aber die 2. Landung ist auf 2028 verschoben worden.
Zitat Jeff Foust @jeff_foust Interesting chart in NASA budget documents this morning that show Artemis 3 still launching in 2025, but Artemis 4 pushed back to 2028. 3:16 PM · Mar 13, 2023
Es ist offiziell: Die japanische HAKUTO-R-Sonder von ispace ist heute in die Umlaufbahn um den Mond eingeschwenkt.
Zitat ispace@ispace_inc Mission Milestone 7 ✅!
We are excited to share that, on its 100th day in space, our HAKUTO-R Mission 1 lunar lander is now safely orbiting the Moon following a successful lunar orbit insertion maneuver!
Under the direction of our Ops Team in our Mission Control Center in Tokyo, the lunar orbit insertion maneuver was performed in accordance with the mission operation plan on March 21, JST. This is an image of the team celebrating the successful completion of the operation.
An announcement is expected upon the completion of all lunar orbital maneuvers prior to the landing sequence. The lunar landing is scheduled to take place around late April.
Stay tuned for more M1 updates! 2:09 PM · Mar 21, 2023
Zitat TOKYO—March 21, 2023—ispace, inc., a global lunar exploration company, announced today that its HAKUTO-R Mission 1 Lunar Lander is now safely orbiting the Moon following a lunar orbit insertion maneuver, thereby successfully completing Success 7 of its Mission 1 Milestones.
The Mission 1 Lander performed its first lunar orbit insertion maneuver in accordance with the mission operation plan, at 10:24 (JST), on March 21, 2023, under the direction of ispace engineers at the HAKUTO-R Mission Control Center in Nihonbashi, Tokyo. After a controlled burn from the lander’s main propulsion system lasting several minutes, the maneuver was successfully completed.
The completion of all lunar orbital maneuvers prior to the beginning of the landing sequence—Success 8 of the Mission 1 Success Milestones—is scheduled to be announced around late-April 2023. The lunar landing, Success 9, is then scheduled to take place around late-April 2023. Specific information on date and time of the landing will be announced in the future.
Für April stehen somit auf dem Programm: 3. April: Bekanntgabe der Mannschaft für Artemis II. 8. April - erster von 2 Falcon Heavy-Starts für April (ViaSat 3 Americas). 13. April: Start der JUICE-Mission (JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer) der ESA zum Jupiter von Kourou; Erkundung von Europa und Orbit um Ganymed von 2031 bis 2035. 20. April. Start(versuch) von Starship von Boca Chica. Ende April: Landung der HAKUTO-R Mission 1 im Krater Atlas im Mare Frigoris.
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Zitat von Ulrich Elkmann im Beitrag #35 13. April: Start der JUICE-Mission (JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer) der ESA zum Jupiter von Kourou; Erkundung von Europa und Orbit um Ganymed von 2031 bis 2035.
Zitat ESA's JUICE mission @ESA_JUICE We're on the move! #ESAJuice has transferred from the Payload Preparation Facility to the Hazardous Processing Facility, where fueling operations will soon take place! Big milestone as we close in on 13 April launch" 12:26 PM · Mar 22, 2023
Zitat Wiseman, a former chief astronaut, flew to the International Space Station for a 165-day mission in 2014. Glover flew on the Crew-1 commercial crew mission to the ISS in late 2020 for a six-month mission. Koch spent nearly a year in space on the ISS from March 2019 to February 2020. Hansen, one of four Canadian astronauts, will be making his first flight.
Artemis 2 is currently scheduled to launch no earlier than November 2024 on the second flight of the Space Launch System. It will be the first time either the SLS or the Orion spacecraft have carried astronauts.
The SLS will place the Orion spacecraft into an elliptical Earth orbit, remaining there for about a day to allow astronauts to test the spacecraft and confirm its life support systems and other key subsystems are performing well. The spacecraft will also perform a proximity operations or “prox ops” demonstration by maneuvering in the vicinity of the SLS’s Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage.
Once the tests are complete, the Orion will fire its main engine to place the spacecraft on a free return trajectory around the moon. The spacecraft will swing around the moon without going into orbit around it, heading back to Earth to splash down in the Pacific. The full mission is scheduled to last about 10 days.
Artemis 2 is a precursor to Artemis 3, which will attempt the first crewed landing on the Moon since Apollo 17. On that mission, a four-person crew will fly on Orion and enter a near-rectilinear halo orbit. Orion will dock with a Starship lunar lander that will take two astronauts to the lunar surface, spending nearly a week there before returning to Orion for the trip home.
Artemis 3 is scheduled to launch no earlier than December 2025, pending development of both the Starship lunar lander by SpaceX and new lunar spacesuits by Axiom Space.
Zitat Jeff Foust @jeff_foust Japanese lunar lander company ispace says its HAKUTO-R M1 lander is set to land no earlier than April 25 at 1640 GMT. The lander is currently in a 100 x 2,300 km orbit around the Moon. 2:09 AM · Apr 12, 2023
Stand 12. April: HAKUTO-R befindet sich in einem Mondorbit mit Perilunum von 23 km & Apolunum von 100 km. Aufnahmen von der Mondoberfläche sind gemacht worden. Frühester Landetermin ist Mittwoch, d. 26. April, 1:40. Es stehen drei mögliche Landeplätze zur Auswahl.
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Zitat China 'N Asia Spaceflight 🚀🛰️🙏 @CNSpaceflight Landing of ispace's HAKUTO-R Mission 1 Lunar Lander is scheduled for APR.25 at 16:40UTC, with landing sequence to begin at 15:40UTC from a 100km circular orbit, where the lander will reach after multiple orbital control maneuvers from the current 100*2300km elliptical orbit 2:52 AM · Apr 12, 2023
Zitat ispace @ispace_inc 6 days until our HAKUTO-R M1 scheduled landing on the Moon!
Landing event livestream coverage will begin at the link below approximately 1 hour prior to landing, which is scheduled to take place on April 25, 16:40 (UTC)/12:40 (EST) at the earliest. (1/3)
“What we have accomplished so far is already a great achievement, and we are already applying lessons learned from this flight to our future missions,” said ispace CEO Takeshi Hakamada in a release announcing the M1 landing date. (2/3)
“The stage is set. I am looking forward to witnessing this historic day, marking the beginning of a new era of commercial lunar missions." (3/3) 10:45 AM · Apr 20, 2023
Und Explosion der Rakete in 32 km Höhe, nach 4 Minuten und 2 Sekunden Flug.
"This does not appear to be a nominal situation."
Allerdings hatte Elon Musk gestern auch als Ziel des Starts angegeben, "nicht die Startrampe in die Luft zu sprengen." "If if clears the launch pad, it will considered a success."
Die Rakete hat eine Höhe von 38 km erreicht und begann dann zu trudeln und sich zu überschlagen.
Zitat 04/20/2023 15:39 Clive Simpson Appeared that all of the engines weren't firing correctly.
Zitat Elon Musk’s success criteria for Starship test flight: “Don’t blow up the launch pad”
Elon Musk, SpaceX’s founder and CEO, did his best to set low expectations heading into the first test flight of the gargantuan Super Heavy booster and Starship rocket this week.
“I would consider anything that does not result in the destruction of the launch mount itself … to be a win,” Musk said Sunday night in a Twitter Spaces meeting with his subscribers.
There’s a good chance something goes wrong before the test flight reaches its full 90-minute duration, according to Musk.
“I guess I’d like to just set expectations low,” Musk said Sunday. “If we get far enough away from the launch pad before something goes wrong, I would consider that to be a success. Just don’t blow up the launch pad.”
Die Aufnahmen der startenden Rakete von unten bei einer Höhe von ~30 km zeigen, daß fünf der Raptor-Triebwerke des äußeren Rings asymmetrisch ausgefallen sind, sowie eines der drei Treibwerke, die im Zentrum in Dreiecksform angeordnet sind.
Nachtrag:
Zitat 04/20/2023 15:46 Clive Simpson Not all of the Raptor engines appeared to be firing at launch. The rocketship appeared to clear the tower at more of an angle than expected and a little more slowly than observers anticipated.
15:52. A statement with further information is awaited from SpaceX. It seems from visual observations that the flight was in trouble from the start.
15:54. Likely that three of the 33 engines were not firing at lift-off but even so this still represents the most powerful launch in the history of spaceflight.
Drei der Raptor-Triebwerke sind schon beim Start ausgefallen. Auf den Bildern ist zu sehen, daß in 9 km Höhe isg. 6 der 33 Triebwerke nicht (mehr) arbeiteten. Zudem ist 31 Sekunden nach dem Start eine HPU (Hydraulic Power Unit), die zum Steuern der Schubdüsen der Brennkammern dient explodiert; bei 1:04 eine zweite. Da dürfte eine Folge der Schwerkräfte oder der Überlastung gewesen sein, weil die laufenden Brennkammern den asymmetrischen Schub auszugleichen hatten. Auf den Bildern vom Ausfall der ersten HPU sieht man, daß die Rakete katastrophal vibriert.
Von den 33 Raptor-Motoren des Boosters sind die 20 des äußeren Rings nicht steuerbar/schwenkbar; nur die 10 des inneren Rings und die drei zentral montierten.
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Heute hat auf dem Prüfstand der NASA in Stennis, Mississippi, der erste vollwertige Static-Fire-Test des ersten neugebauten RS-25-Triebwerks für das SLS stattgefunden, mit 720 Sekunden Vollschub.
Diese neuen Triebwerke sind weitgehend mit denen baugleich, die beim Space Shuttle zur Anwendung gekommen sind; vier davon treiben jeweils die Startstufe des SLS an. Weil aus dem Shuttleprogramm aber nur 16 davon zur Verfügung stehen (bzw. jetzt nur noch 12), hat die NASA 2015 sechs Neubauten und 2020 9 weitere bei Rocketjet Aerodyne bestellt, im Gesamtvolumen von 3,5 Milliarden USD.
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Zitat von Ulrich Elkmann im Beitrag #3 The Falcon 9 carrying these payloads also contained a CubeSat bound for the moon. The secondary payload developed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory named “Lunar Flashlight” will enter a highly elliptical lunar orbit which will have it pass approximately 15 kilometers over the moon’s south pole. The goal is to use lasers to look for evidence of water ice.
Zitat NASA JPL @NASAJPL Despite months of effort, @NASA's Lunar Flashlight mission has ended after the briefcase-size satellite proved unable to generate enough thrust to reach lunar orbit. http://go.nasa.gov/3M0d31p However, the mission fulfilled several tech goals that will empower future missions
Lunar Flashlight’s never-before-flown Sphinx flight computer is a low-power system designed to withstand the radiation of space. It continues to perform well, proving the computer can reliably control future CubeSat missions.
The upgraded Iris radio, which was used to reliably communicate with the Deep Space Network, featured a new precision navigation capability that future small spacecraft will use to rendezvous and land on solar system bodies.
And even though it wasn't used at the Moon, the never-before-flown miniaturized four-laser reflectometer also tested successfully after launch, giving Lunar Flashlight's science team confidence it would have been able to detect water ice if it was present at the lunar South Pole.
Victor Jones @bellevuejones·1h What orbit is it in and where is it in relation to earth/moon
NASA JPL@NASAJPL·1h It's currently just beyond the orbit of the moon and approaching Earth, where it'll make a close approach on May 16/17. After that it will continue into deep space and end up in its own solar orbit. You can track it with Eyes on the Solar System:
Zitat von NASA,gov May 11, 2023On April 28, NASA and its partners achieved another major milestone in the future of space communications – achieving 200 gigabit per second (Gbps) throughput on a space-to-ground optical link between a satellite in orbit and Earth, the highest data rate ever achieved by optical communications technology.
These data rates are made possible by using laser communications, which packs information into the oscillations of light waves in lasers, instead of using radio waves like most space communications systems.
This communications link was achieved by the TeraByte InfraRed Delivery (TBIRD) system, carried into orbit by NASA’s Pathfinder Technology Demonstrator 3 (PTD-3) satellite, and surpasses the previous 100 Gbps milestone previously demonstrated by the same team in June 2022. With this speedy connection, TBIRD can send down multiple terabytes of test data to Earth during a single six-minute pass over a ground station. A single terabyte is the equivalent of about 500 hours of high-definition video.
“Achieving 100 Gbps in June was groundbreaking, and now we’ve doubled that data rate – this capability will change the way we communicate in space,” said Beth Keer, the mission manager for TBIRD at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Just imagine the power of space science instruments when they can be designed to fully take advantage of the advancements in detector speeds and sensitivities, furthering what artificial intelligence can do with huge amounts of data. Laser communications is the missing link that will enable the science discoveries of the future.”
Currently, the most commonly used technology by NASA for space communications is radio, sending data with similar methods to how radio broadcasts are sent to a car radio or how a cell phone communicates with a cell tower. With NASA’s sights set on a long-term presence on the Moon and future missions to Mars, more efficient communications are essential for smooth mission operations and effective science.
Zitat Jim Free@JimFree Now that's fast. Good to see TBIRD, a @NASASCaN and @NASA_Technology laser communications CubeSat hitting 200 gigabits per second downlinks - the highest space-to-ground data rate achieved yet. We'll demo this technology on #Artemis II as well: 9:28 PM · May 14, 2023
Zitat von Ulrich Elkmann im Beitrag #26China unveils lunar lander to put astronauts on the moon
Zitat HELSINKI — China’s human spaceflight agency has stated its goal to land astronauts on the moon before the end of the decade.
“Recently, the moon landing phase of China’s crewed lunar exploration program has started. The main goal is to send Chinese astronauts to land on the moon for the first time by 2030,” Lin Xiqiang, deputy director of the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), told media at a press conference at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center May 29.
“Focusing on this goal, the CMSA has started planning, research and construction work on the basis of previous key technical breakthroughs and solution verifications,” Lin said.
“This includes the development of a new generation manned carrier rocket, namely the Long March 10 launch vehicle, a new generation crew spacecraft, a lunar lander, a moon suit and other spaceflight products. The construction of a new launch site and tests on related launch facilities are also underway.”
As previously reported, China has been quietly working on a lunar lander for a number of years and this year unveiled an apparent model of the spacecraft. ... A low Earth orbit variant of the rocket newly designated the Long March 10, based on the five-meter-diameter Long March 5, is expected to have a test flight in 2027. A pair of three-stage, triple-core Long March 10 variants for trans-lunar injection (27 tons to TLI) will be used to launch the landing stack and crewed segments of the lunar landing mission. China has already carried out a full scale boiler plate test of the new-gen spacecraft.
China’s coastal Wenchang spaceport is currently being expanded to host commercial launches, and will also be the site for the in-development Long March 10 and the larger Long March 9 rocket.
CMSA also announced May 29 a call for plans for a lunar crew rover, potentially using a commercial development model.
The Harbin Institute of Technology in Heilongjiang, northeast China, recently unveiled a lunar simulation chamber to assist preparations for future lunar exploration.
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