Zitat Artemis 4 and Artemis 5 moon missions will include European astronauts (exclusive interview)- By Elizabeth Howell
"I do everything to make sure that our commitment will be met," European Space Agency chief Josef Aschbacher tells Space.com.
We now know when Europeans will land on the moon alongside NASA astronauts.
Both the Artemis 4 and Artemis 5 moon-landing missions, which are slated to launch in 2028 and 2029, respectively, will feature one European Space Agency astronaut, ESA Director Josef Aschbacher told Space.com. Another ESA astronaut is guaranteed to fly on a future Artemis moon mission, but which one is not decided yet.
"I'm very happy and very proud that NASA is relying on Europe as a partner in providing critical elements" for Artemis missions, Aschbacher said.
He was speaking on July 1 hours after the launch of Euclid, an ESA-led "dark universe" mission that also has NASA participation, and said the agencies seek to have a good dialogue about expectations for all missions. "I do everything to make sure that our commitment will be met," Aschbacher added.
Eight member states of ESA are signatories to the NASA-led Artemis Accords, which aim to set a path for moon exploration and to establish international peaceful norms for space exploration. The addition of India and Ecuador last month brings the number of Artemis Accord signatories to 27.
Europe is also contributing the service module, which supplies electricity and other resources, for NASA's Orion spacecraft, which will carry Artemis astronauts to the moon. And ESA is supplying (in partnership with Japan) a habitat module and a refueling module for NASA's moon-orbiting Gateway space station, a key piece of Artemis infrastructure.
ESA officials previously said that, in exchange, the agency will receive three flight opportunities for European astronauts to launch on Artemis missions, but did not name those flights. ... NASA then plans to follow up the effort with the Artemis 3 surface mission no earlier than 2025 or 2026, pending readiness of SpaceX's Starship system, which will serve as the mission's lunar lander. The launch dates of Artemis 4 and 5 may therefore adjust depending on when Artemis 3 touches down.
Zitat China is formalizing its plans to land a pair of astronauts on the surface of the moon before the end of the decade.
A preliminary plan to put two astronauts on the moon for a short period to conduct scientific tasks and collect samples was presented by Zhang Hailian, deputy chief designer with the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), at the 9th China (International) Commercial Aerospace Forum in Wuhan, Hubei province, July 12.
The mission envisions a crewed spacecraft and lander segments launching separately on a pair of under-development Long March 10 rockets. The crew spacecraft and landing stack will rendezvous and dock in lunar orbit ahead of a moon landing attempt.
A new-generation crew spacecraft will have a mass of 26 tons and be capable of deep space flight and high-velocity atmospheric reentry. China has already carried out a full scale boilerplate flight test of a version of a new-gen spacecraft in a relatively high orbit.
The landing segment will consist of a lander and a propulsion stage with a total mass of around 26 tons. The propulsion stage will be used for entering lunar orbit and descent towards the lunar surface. The lander will be capable of soft landing on the moon and returning the astronauts to lunar orbit.
The lander will be equipped with four 7500N variable thrust engines. Zhang said the mission is very sensitive to mass constraints, meaning a lightweight design and integrated designs are necessary. “We also need to take advanced materials and structures to improve the structural efficiency and strictly control the weight,” Zhang said.
A lunar rover will also be part of the mission profile. It will have a mass of 200 kilograms, accommodate two astronauts and have a range of 10 kilometers.
A spacesuit is being developed for lunar surface operations with a working time of no less than eight hours, Zhang said. It will aid astronauts in walking, climbing, driving and operating machines on the moon.
The Long March 10 will be a three-stage rocket with three, five-meter-diameter cores for its first stage. It will be capable of sending 27 tons of payload to trans-lunar injection.
The test launch of the Long March 10A—a two-stage, low Earth orbit version of the larger rocket—is set for 2027. CASC recently reported progress on testing of the 130-ton-thrust kerosene-liquid oxygen engines for the rocket. ... The mission aims at being more than a flags and footprints campaign. China is planning to build a moon base in the 2030s known as the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS).
China plans a series of robotic missions across the 2020s as precursors to the ILRS. These include the 2026 Chang’e-7 orbiter, lander, rover and “mini flying detector” lunar south pole mission. Chang’e-8, currently scheduled for launch around 2028, will be an in-situ resource utilization and 3D-printing technology test mission.
"26 Tonnen." Zum Vergleich: Die Raumkapsel von Apollo 11 hatte eine Masse von 28,8 Tonnen, wovon 5,55 t auf die Kommandokapsel & 23,2 t auf die Versorgungs- und Antriebseinheit entfielen. Hinzu kam die Mondlandefähre mit einer Gesamtmasse von 15,1 t; wobei die Kapsel für die beiden Astronauten 2,4 t umfaßte & 2,3 t Treibstoff für den Rückstart enthielt.
"Les hommes seront toujours fous; et ceux qui croient les guérir sont les plus fous de la bande." - Voltaire
Zitat The Launch Pad @TLPN_Official ARTEMIS I - IN FLIGHT ANOMALIES @NASA has released the full list of In Flight Anomalies (IFAs) from the #Artemis1 mission to TLP Network via a Freedom Of Information Act (FOIA) request.
Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) - ECS ICPS/AFT Purge System Anomaly - Artemis I Post Launch Debris Seen In Imagery - Artemis I Post Launch ML/Pad Damage - Post Launch FOD Items from ML/Pad Walkdowns - Temporary ICPS/FWD and ICPS/AFT Purge Pressure Excursions - Incorrect Exposure Settings on 32 of 33 high speed film cameras - High H2 Concentrations in LH2 TSMU Post Launch - High speed digital 30-P1 camera stopped functioning pre-launch - High speed digital 30-P3 camera had interlacing/ghosting and incorrect timing
Flight Operations Directorate (FOD) - Extended Loss of Orion Data During Change from Uncoded to Coded Telemetry - Loss of Goldstone Support GMT 338 (December 4th) - ICMP Ping Intermittent Drop Outs - Loss of Orion Forward Link Following Handover to PDL - TDRS 275 Unable to Lock to Orion DG1M3 Coherent Telemetry
Orion Spacecraft SM = Service Module OSA = Orion Stage Adapter SAJ = Spacecraft Adapter Jettisoned FDIR = Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery RCS = Reaction Control System TPS = Thermal Protection System
- SM/OSA SAJ fairing hinge plate delamination - SM Propulsion pressure regulation unit anomaly - SAJ Panel #1 missing RTV and possible loose RTV - SM Helium latch valve position driver anomaly - NAV Channel 1 Unexpected Velocity Step Function - CAR Software Sending IG Rate Commands After Brake Engage Command - SM Prop Helium Valve Position Indicator Issues - C2b Battery Temperature Sensor Out of Family - SM PDE1B in Standby Mode after PCDU1B event (undetected by Prop FDIR) - Aux Leak Detection - SM RCS Thruster Pulsing
SLS Rocket CS = Core Stage - Unexpected Cryogenic Level Sensor System (CLSS) Loss of Comm Caution - Flight Termination System (FTS) Shelf 1A/1B Vibration - Flight Termination System (FTS) Shelf 4 Vibration - Intertank Skin Vibration - FTS System Tunnel Vibration - Unexpected Debris Liberated from Booster Throat Plug - CS-HazGas-004 CS LH2 Umbilical Carrier Plate Cavity Concentration Anomaly
Wie an dieser Stelle schon gelegentlich angedeutet, wäre ich nicht überrascht, wenn die NASA ihren Mondfahrplan aufgrund von erheblichen Kostenüberschreitungen um diverse Jahre reißt, um überhaupt das Programm stemmen zu können. (Es einfach abzublasen, dürfte mittlerweile wohl als zu großer Gesichtsverlust gelten.)
Zitat Chris Bergin - NSF@NASASpaceflight NASA is building a second Mobile Launcher for the Block 1B SLS. It was deemed to be cheaper and faster than converting $1 billion ML-1 for the rocket that is 30 feet taller than Block 1 SLS.
Zitat NASA OIG@NASAOIG NASA’s Mobile Launcher-2 costs have rocketed over $1b—nearly three times the original contract estimate. Our team will examine what NASA is doing to contain future cost growth and schedule delays. 4:02 PM · Sep 19, 2023
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